business communication Essays - Nonverbal Communication,

Having read the case studies and the 10 advanced business communication directions I have to admit that I increased my knowledge and understanding of the terms and concepts used in business communication. Still, based on my understanding I will strive to give several more recommendations to make the communication more effective some of which, if my memory does not fail me, were proposed in the 1930s by Dale Carnegie. 1.Simple Non-verbal communication. While it is impossible to master all non-verbal communication unless one is authentic (i.e. open, connected, passionate and attentive listener), it is possible to smile, to look in the eyes of others and overall look friendly. This non-verbal communication is especially important when establishing first contact and when people form their opinion of your as of a ?frowned (maybe angry) guy? or a ?friendly guy?. One can learn not to keep one?s arms and legs crossed, because it subconsciously makes the person look distant or defensive. 2.?The Map is not a Territory?. This metaphor illustrates the human differences and is used by psychologists around the world. There are dozens of different types of map, some can be in GPS, some can be in www.maps.google.com., and some can be printed out or pictured on TV. They can be of different colors, sizes, shapes. But even then they are not really the territory (which is larger, 3 dimensional, has a smell, different temperature, color, or feels differently). By the same token, one needs to understand that people are always different in their frames of references, judgment, ideas and perceptions. It has been my personal observation that people frequently have different perception of colors (especially men are different from women) of clothes, some considering those to be more blue, others considering it to be more green. In communication, one needs to remember that people are likely to have their own distinct visions and ideas, and it would be wrong to impose oneself on them an d negate their ideas and opinions. Instead of arguing whose ?map? better depicts the ?territory? of some ?country?, it is better to see how one can use two maps to form a much greater understanding of what they depict. 3.True interest and admiration. This idea might look to some as hypocritical because a person seems to be put in a position when she/he HAS to find something interesting and admirable about the other person. Still, there is nothing wrong in being a little bit more attentive to another person, especially if you want to establish communication with him/her. Looking for clues and details establishes rapport and deeper understanding of one another. In fact finding something that really interests you in another person or something that you can admire, characterizes you as an attentive listener and speaker. 4.Affecting emotions. Whatever people think or remember is thought to be stored as mental images and emotions. Our non-verbal and frequently verbal communication is affected by the emotions we experience at present. What is more important is that emotions can be controlled and used to achieve a certain (e.g. friendly) state. It is a common knowledge that if a person smiles to himself in a mirror for 10 minutes, his/her mood lifts up, making him/her happier and friendlier even though he/she was just exposed to his/her own smile (nothing more). Before communications and sometimes during it (if one can do it without losing track of communication) it is advisable to think of some bright past experiences, close friends, or even sex. As a result the person?s moods will lift up, making him/her happier, more relaxed and more communicative. Likewise, if one thinks about bad experiences and failures?one is likely to feel and look depressed. Since emotions affect our inner and external expressi on, it is advisable to not only affect one?s own emotions but also to affect the emotions of the other party by focusing on the positive things, on bright ideas, good memories and the other party?s interests. In this case the other party will also have positive emotions and become a more friendly and attentive listener.

George Washington Could Not Afford To End Slavery Essays - Slavery

George Washington Could Not Afford To End Slavery Essays - Slavery George Washington Could Not Afford To End Slavery subject = U.S. History title = George Washington Could Not Afford To End Slavery George Washington Could Not Afford To End Slavery In his writings, George Washington felt very strongly that slavery was an institution that needed to be eliminated from American society. However, there were several circumstances that arose following the American Revolution that would prevent Washington from actively pursuing the elimination of slavery during his lifetime. It is certainly plausible that George Washington's personal economic short-comings, forefront in the setting of conflicting political agendas and the nation's revolutionary climate, prevented this founding father from actively pursuing the nationwide emancipation of slaves. Prior and during the American Revolution, little was written by Washington on his feelings about slavery. In the last year of the war and thereafter, more attention was spent by Washington on the issue of slavery. On February 5, 1783, Washington received a letter from Marquis de Lafayette, whom Washington considered both a friend and a son, that stated, "Let us unite in purchasing a small estate, where we may try the experiment to free the negroes, and use them only as tenants. Such an example as yours might render it a general practice..." (Sparks v.3, p.547). It is doubtful that Lafayette would have proposed this idea unless he knew that Washington had strong views on seeing the elimination of slavery. Washington wrote back to Lafayette on April 5, "The scheme... to encourage the emancipation of the black people of this Country from that state of Bondage in which. they are held, is a striking evidence of the benevolence of your Heart. I shall be happy to join you is so laudable a work..." (Fitzpatrick v.26, p.300). Unfortunately, Washington was still in charge of the American troops, and would be so until December, so he thought it would be best to "...defer going into a detail of the business, 'till I have the pleasure of seeing you" (Fitzpatrick v.26, p.300). However, when Washington finally did return home in December, he found himself in such great debt that even noble experiments like the one that Lafayette had proposed, had to took a back seat to getting Washington's financial situation in order. Lafayette went on with his plan alone, buying land in the French colony of Cayenne (Sparks v.4, p.110). Washington was still very supportive of this plan despite his inability to participate, and on May 10, 1786, he wrote to Lafayette, "[Y]our late purchase of an estate in the colony of Cayenne, with a view of emancipating the slaves on it, is a generous and noble proof of your humanity" (Fitzpatrick v.28, p.424). Washington hoped that the American people would have similar ideas and feelings on slavery, but he realized that this hope was very unlikely to be realized. He writes to Lafayette in the same letter, "Would to God a like spirit would diffuse itself generally into the minds of the people of this country; but I despair of seeing it" (Fitzpatrick v.28, p.424). While Washington believed that the slaves needed to be freed, he also thought that the process should be a slow and gradual one. He felt that to release the slaves all at once would, "[B]e productive of much inconvenience and mischief..." (Fitzpatrick v.28, p.242). There would be a mass of former slaves in America who did not have the skills needed to survive. Many of them may have had to resort to stealing in order to feed themselves. It would also be very inconvenient for the slave holders who depended so greatly upon their slave work force. To eliminate such a work force would devastate many Americans, mostly Southerners, who relied heavily on slave-labor. In numerous letters, Washington stresses his desire to see Legislative authority enact a plan that would slowly and gradually free the slaves. In a letter to Robert Morris on April 12, 1786, Washington writes, "I can only say that there is not a man living who wishes more sincerely than I do, to see a plan adopted for the abolition of [slavery]...by Legislative authority..." (Fitzpatrick v.28, p.408). He also writes on September 9, 1786, to John Mercer that, "I never mean...to possess another slave by purchase; it being my first wishes to see some plan adopted, by which slavery in this country may be abolished by slow, sure, and imperceptible degrees" (Fitzpatrick v.29, p.5). Much later in his life, Washington is still echoing this same message when he writes on August 4,

The Continuum between Legitimacy and Fraud Research Paper

The Continuum between Legitimacy and Fraud - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that Shawver, an Associate Professor of Accounting at King’s College, and Clements, a Professor of Accounting at Florida Southern College, are trying to explain the effect of emotion on ethical evaluations of earnings manipulation. In the accounting context, it is evident that there some emotional interplay between the evaluation of earnings manipulation. This is because the perpetrator of the manipulation is usually an accountant, and the person investigating the manipulation is also an accountant. The authors state that prior research suggested that emotions might shape the ethical evaluation and decisions made by an individual, therefore, the research goes on to explore the emotion that an accountant might feel when evaluating earnings management.Yang, a Professor of Science and Technology, Lai and Tan, Professors of Accounting, try to determine the relationship between ownership structure of firms and the types of earnings management. The authors class ify insiders as part of a firm’s executives in their research, and from this, determine that the quality of earnings management is affected by discretionary accruals. Specifically, the accruals in the firm fluctuate with executive ownership, indicating that that equity stakes by top members of a firm should be reduced in order to reduce agency costs and relationships. This ensures that the earnings reflected by management are less fraudulent that in other firms that do not have top executives in top-tier management positions.... Female Directors and Earnings Management in High-Technology Firms. Pacific Accounting Review, Vol. 24(1). Pp. 4-32. Gavious and Yosef, Professors of Management, and Segev, the Department of Social Work specialist, wrote this paper to try to explain the effect of the presence of female members in the board of directors and the audit committee. This study was aimed at finding the relation between female directors and the continuum between legitimacy and fraud in earnings management. The study indicates that there is a negative relation between the presence of female directors and earnings management, and that there is always a higher firm value when female representation is higher in higher positions of a firm. The authors quote the moral values of the different genders in supporting this argument, social stereotypes and the women’s motivation and sense of achievement. Ho, J. L., Liu, C. & Ouyang, B. (2012). Bloated Balance Sheet, Earnings Management, and Forecast Guidance. Revi ew of Accounting and Finance, Vol. 11(2). Pp. 120-140. In this paper, the authors, all of them being Professors of Accounting, try to postulate Barton and Simko’s argument that balance sheet information usually acts as a constraint on accrual-based earnings management in a firm. The authors do this by examining the effect of the balance sheet constraint on the manager’s tendency to use either downward forecast or earnings management to avoid downfalls in earnings. The authors find that in cases where the operating assets are higher than average sales, the analyst is likely to provide downward trends of forecasts. In contrast, in cases where there is abnormal increase in production costs and reduction in expenses, the analyst is likely to engage in legal earnings management. This paper

Climate change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Climate change - Essay Example This includes storms and heavy rains that may further be associated with floods. The country also experiences high temperatures that increase incidences of illnesses, some of which may arise from moderated air conditions such as air pollution that arise from dust. Increased significance of air bone illnesses is an example of such effects of high temperatures in Oman. Extreme case, if not monitored, leads to death. High temperatures, especially if accompanied by water shortage because of drought, also leads to dehydration with reported death cases in extreme cases. Heavy rain that sometime occurs with storms and sometimes leads to floods is another extreme weather event in Oman and causes death and destruction of property. The heavy rains destroy shelter and expose people to risk of cold and physical contact with drops of rain that can be life threatening in extreme downpour conditions. Floods from heavy rains also submerge people and property to identify threats of suffocation to dea th. Cases of floods sweeping away people in their vehicles and causing deaths are also notable in the country. In addition to direct effects of high temperatures and heavy rains on people’s lives, Oman suffers from indirect effects through burden on food supply (McMichael, Woodruff and Hales 2006, p. 860). High temperatures and drought reduces plants and animals growth potentials and may kill them or reduce their production. This implies low level of food supply, has led to famine in some areas and increased food prices, conditions that reduces people’s quality of life based on affordability of food (Charabi 2010, p. 223, 224). The adverse weather conditions also moderate potentials of vectors and pathogens. This effect increases incidences of some diseases during high temperatures or heavy rain falls in Oman. Malaria is an example of diseases whose incidence rates rise in flooded areas in Oman because of the breeding ground that mosquitoes find in flooded areas. Cases of tick bone and schistosomiasis, which McMichael, Woodruff and Hales identify with adverse weather conditions, have also been reported in Oman as a result of high temperatures and heavy rains that result from global warming. Changes in ecosystems, together with rising sea levels from global warming have also had negative effects on plants and animals’ yields and reduced levels of harvest from fishing. These have further led to food shortages in Oman with consequences of nutritional concerns. These effects of global warming on the environment have also led to mass deaths of domestic animals, displacement of people from their residences, and increased levels of poverty and malnutrition, especially in rural areas and among poor communities (McMichael, Woodruff and Hales 2006, p. 860). Empirical studies, from a global perspective, support the observed effects of global warming in Oman. Death cases that arise from increased temperatures occur in countries that lie in similar lat itudes as Oman and the United States is an example. The studies have further reported cases of allergies such as asthma as consequences of increased temperatures and this is likely to have occurred in Oman. Effects of global warming on agriculture, however, remains the most significant, with quantifiable monetary value of incurred losses that translate to quality of human lives.

Foreign Oil. America Must Remove Its Dependence on Foreign Oil In Essay

Foreign Oil. America Must Remove Its Dependence on Foreign Oil In Order To Preserve Its Future - Essay Example America must remove its dependence on Foreign Oil in order to preserve its future. However sometimes it appears like every effort to solve the issue leads to more problems. This is because alternative sources of energy proof to be too expensive and not cost effective. Everyone in America including average person should have a potential to make a contribution to the solution. The average person in America in trying to solve the oil dependency problem starts through education in schools and university. Students can be taught on the impacts of foreign oil dependency on the countries economy. University lecturers can also engage in research that can b help in coming up with cheaper sources of energy and incorporate students in such research according to Greenberg (2007). The community needs to be sensitized on the dangers of oil dependency in their homes and be encouraged to use other alternatives which are cost effective. The average persons such as experts in matters of energy can educ ate the community through meetings on how to use solar or wind as sources of energy. These experts also need to write books, magazines and other form s of literature on the disadvantages of using foreign oil as the only source of energy. Companies need to generate news stories demonstrating to the ordinary people on how to install renewable energy sources in their homes. Local groups need to come together and sensitize people on the issue of global economy resulting from dependency on foreign oil. Local groups should mobilize public opinion against national policies and commitments which favor the use of foreign oil The average person can also contribute the problem by encouraging reduction on the use of oil as source of energy. Individuals should reduce oil consumption at homes by increasing the use of solar energy and wind energy. For instance solar energy can be used as source of power for television, radio and lighting. At the places of work the use of oil as source of energy ca n also be reduced by the increased use of solar energy which is readily available during the day. There is also the need for everyone engaged in the transport industry to recognize the dangers of using oil as the sole source of energy. Vehicle owners can engage in oil use reduction techniques such as reducing the use of personal cars and embark on public transport as suggested by Chiras (2010). This way, the rate of oil consumption in America is bound to decrease. Researchers should also find an alternative source of energy for vehicle. For instance, David Blume who is an organic farmer provided a proof of ethanol alcohol being a reliable and renewable source of fuel in vehicles which reduces the dependency on oil. There is a need for individuals to engage in alternative energy sources which take over the dependence of oil as source of energy. The use of solar energy as an alternative source will help remove the burden of foreign oil. In order to develop this, it requires the govern ment to rationalize tax thus providing a commercial feasibility. Though the cost of developing and implementing alternative energy sources like the solar energy may be high, it is the initiative of everyone to find the best way to apply this method. The average person such experts in matters of energy can generate information that demonstrates the way people can install solar technologies and advantage of net metering programs in workplace. Those familiar with the market transformation to renewable energies like thorium nuclear energy need to educate others on the importance of using them. According to Congress (U.S.) (2010), the ordinary peop

Rising Powers And Global Balance Of Power

Rising Powers And Global Balance Of Power No one can forecast the future with certainty, though immediate future can be predicted with relative correctness based on contemporary realities, tendencies and realities. The cold war has ended. The US no longer faces the constant threat of aggression from its erstwhile adversary, the former USSR. Did someone ever forecast the demise of USSR, US emerging as the sole super power or the attack on the Twin Towers? Aggression grows in unsettled or disorderly times and explodes in power vacuum. The world is dynamic and so is the notion of power. Throughout history we can see the Balance of Power Concept in action. The states of Europe held each other in balance through the first 300 years of the modern state system. The clearest example of the balance of power concept can be found in the Cold War wherein two superpowers, the US and the USSR, held world balance between them. Both states sought to deter domination by the other through arms buildup and the creation of strong systems of all iances. Today power is distributed in a pattern that resembles a complex three dimensional chess game. On the top chess board, military power is largely unipolar, on the middle, economic power is multipolar, the bottom is the realm of transnational relations that cross borders outside the government control which includes non state actors. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has been the sole super power in the world. No single state acted as effective counterweight to the US. However, some shifts have been witnessed recently due to globalization, market forces and operation of non state actors without regard for national boundaries and loyalties which has made the balancing phenomenon more complicated. Therefore, some recent studies in the field of International relations advocate that power politics including balancing of power has become obsolete and the theory of balance of power has lost its relevance. This phenomenon has raised a series of questions and just a few are:- a. Has the phenomenon of balance of power lost its relevance? b. Will the world be without any state in the global lead role? c. Is the world transforming to multipolarity? d. Are traditional measures and sources of power losing their relevance in the world? e. Are effects of globalization rendering the state borders and notion of sovereignty irrelevant? f. How are non state actors including VNSAs influencing the balance of power? g. Will the geo-economics really replace geo-politics? h. Will the current powers allow the shift in balance of power without violence? Scope Past and contemporary global order. Myths and realities of rising powers and global balance of power. Rising global trends in balance of power. Pakistan 2050, challenges and opportunities. Major conclusions and Recommendations for Pakistan HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF BALANCE OF POWER 4. Prehistoric and Medieval Periods. During the Period of the Warring States in China (403-221 BC), the development of large, cohesive states accompanied the creation of irrigation systems, bureaucracies, and large armies equipped with iron weapons. These Chinese states pursued power through a constantly shifting network of alliances. In ancient Greece during the Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 BC), the rising power of Athens triggered the formation of a coalition of city-states that felt threatened by Athenian power. 5. Pre World Wars Period a. In the 17th century the Habsburg dynasty, which ruled Austria and Spain, threatened to dominate Europe. During the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), a coalition that included Sweden, England, France, and The Netherlands defeated the rulers of the Habsburg Empire. b. Early in the 19th century, Napoleon repeatedly made efforts to conquer large areas of Europe. A broad coalition of European states-including Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia-defeated France in a series of major battles that climaxed with Napoleons defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. c. The classical European balance of power system emerged thereafter in an alliance known as the Concert of Europe, organized in 1815 by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich. This loose alliance between Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, and France ensured that a handful of great powers would coexist, with none able to dominate the others. Under this system, and with Britain playing a balancer role, peace largely prevailed in Europe during the 19th century. It is not an accident that the doctrine of the balance of power-alike in international and in domestic politics-received its classic and most rigorous statements at a time when foreign policy was largely a matter for rulers who could use the war potential of their states for their own aggrandizement. It was because a ruler had to be able to wage effective war that he had to be allowed the armed force that contributed to his domestic control. d. British reliance on a navy rather than on a standing army was important to the growth of British liberties-and later to American liberty. In a sense, therefore, the international balance of power was needed to check the pretensions of rulers who lacked any effective domestic check. The balance of power, however, although it may act to restrain the actions of those who believe in the doctrine, is in the first instance a device to restrain others. 6. Inter and Intra World Wars Period (1914-1945) a. When World War I broke out, although all parties made some effort to maintain or protect the balance of power (which, of course, they interpreted differently), none of them could argue that governments, or princes, were behaving in the way that one would expect. German apologists had to contend that Germany was surrounded by malevolent foes and that the survival of Germany was at stake. The allies had to contend not merely that Germany was too powerful for comfort, but that German militarism threatened a European civilization that would otherwise be peaceful. The argument, in short, could not be cast in terms of the balance of power. b. In order to contain German and its allies, a formidable alliance was formed in Europe. German threat was such that USA broke away with the centuries long stand of neutrality and joined the alliance against Germany. Status quo however, was maintained in Europe. Historians will long continue to debate the causes that finally brought the United States into the war. c. Same was the case in World War II, where, a status quo was required to be maintained and German advances were to be stopped, alliance on the lines of World War I was formed. The alliance completely decapacitated German led axis powers. In both the World Wars, the entry of the United States so quickly and completely tilted the balance of power in favor of the side it joined. Had the United States been regarded as an element in the balance; the wars in the form they took would never have broken out and it is here that the world saw the introduction of WMD. 7. Cold War Period a. It was well recognized that the United States and the Soviet Union were in direct and unique competition. The appalling consequences of nuclear war introduced a new kind of stability. The so-called balance of terror or balance of deterrence ensured that each nuclear power was anxious not to give the other power any sort of signal that would justify an attack, and was also anxious not to identify such a signal. This caution was compatible with, and even required, an arms race. b. The ideological struggle reflected the knowledge of both great powers that they contended in a fast-changing world; and the Cold War began to lose intensity, not when the protagonists decided to abandon it but when world circumstances changed and new elements began to contribute to the balance. c. It became almost conventional to speak in terms of a world of four poles-the United States, the Soviet Union, Europe and Japan. d. US led West used all means and opportunities to balance Soviet military power and kept on trying to contain Soviet Union. On the other hand Soviet Union formed an alliance with the opposite block countries to counter the US. Struggle of countering each power continued till the Soviet Union finally collapsed. With the subsequent disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States became incontrovertibly the worlds dominant power. 8. Post Cold War a. After the disintegration of Soviet Union, USA emerged as sole global power hence as per the ground realities, the entire world had to align its policies with the US. Without an apparent foe to challenge its security, the major question confronting U.S. foreign policy was what would succeed the Cold Wars bipolar balance of power. b. The issue among academics and political commentators was whether the United States should emphasize its dominant position as a unipolar global power, or seek a leading role in a tripolar or multipolar system. 9. Conclusions from Historical Perspective. In nut shell post cold war power balance is categorized by US unilateralism, Wests political, economic and social control to the extent that the situations symbolize with that of eighteenth and nineteenth centurys colonization. Striking conclusions of the post cold war power balance are as under:- a. The end of the Cold War in US and Europe and the ongoing integration of the European economies alongside attempts at greater political integration in the continent have given rise to a view that traditional concepts of security are no longer relevant. There is a powerful perception that the idea of the state and its sovereignty has been made irrelevant by processes that are taking place at both the global and local level. Concept of security has been widened to the extent that currently it includes everything under the sun. b. Concept of Balance of Power has also been changed from the known enemy threat to fear of unlimited unknowns. Interpretations of the balance has also been changed from balance among nation states to balance among civilizations and much beyond. c. Post cold war era reintroduces the phenomena of colonization with changed face of chaining the third world through economic, trade and technology transfer policies under the umbrella of IMF, world bank, various technological regimes and UN. MYTHS AND REALITIES OF RISING POWERS AND GLOBAL BALANCE OF POWER 10. Preamble: Balance of Power strategies amongst nations and regional and security alliances have been a recurrent and normal feature of global history. Power shifts when they take place generate corresponding responses in strategic jockeying by established powers to recreate new balance of power to ensure the continuance of the old established order. The present world order-characterized by an unprecedented number of democratic nations; a greater global prosperity, even with the current crisis, than the world has ever known; and a long peace among great powers-reflects American preferences, and was built and preserved by American power in all its political, economic, and military dimensions. The perception of US decline today is certainly understandable, given the dismal economic situation since 2008 and the nations large fiscal deficits, which, combined with the continuing growth of the Chinese, Indian, Brazilian, Turkish, and other economies, seem to portend a significant and irreversible shift in global economic power. Some of the pessimism is also due to the belief that the United States has lost favor, and therefore influence, in much of the world, because of its various responses to the attacks of September 11. The detainment facilities at Guantà ¡namo, the use of torture against suspected terrorists, and the widely condemned invasion of Iraq in 2003 have all tarnished the American brand and put a dent in Americas soft power-its ability to attract others to its point of view. With this broad perception of decline as the backdrop, every failure of the United States to get its way in the world tends to reinforce the impression. Powerful as this sense of decline may be, however, it deserves a more rigorous examination. Measuring changes in a nations relative power is a tricky business, but there are some basic indicators: the size and the influence of its economy relative to that of other powers; the magnitude of military power compared with that of potential adversaries; the degree of political influence it wields in the international system-all of which make up what the Chinese call comprehensive national power. Moreover, a great powers decline is the product of fundamental changes in the international distribution of various forms of power that usually occur over longer stretches of time. Great powers rarely decline suddenly. A war may bring them down, but even that is usually a symptom, and a culmination, of a longer process. After the brief overture we will now try to reconstruct the developments that are providing basis for the ongoing debates on the subject and also formulate basic definitions for the terms and phrases being used in this study. 11. Definitions Rising Power. Rising power is a national power having certain ingredients to threaten the status quo of global settings. Pedelford and Lincoln have described it as: Strength composed of economic, psychological, moral, military and political elements, successfully directed to the furtherance of national interests, co nstitute rising national power. In our opinion, this is by far the best definition of rising power in that it takes into consideration both classical and modern views regarding the sources of power and also touches on the objectives for which it is used. Rising power operates in international field in this sense. However, it should be noted that the concept of rising power is Relative, Conditional and Situational. Relativity of Rising Power. It is relative in that it has no absolute dimension. Power is rated by the effect it can bring about. State A may be powerful vis-à  -vis B but can at the same time be weaker than C. For instance, India is stronger than Brazil but at the same time weaker than China in terms of economic might. Conditional. Rising power is conditional in that it depends on variety of factors, the exact role of which is difficult to assess. States A and B may have equal resources, military strength etc yet they may differ in effective power. A strong sentiment of Nationalism, for instance, in State A may inspire popular support to government action and policies and may prepare the people for greater sacrifices. This is bound to add to As power. If any such sentiment is totally absent in State B and the nation is torn by intense internal dissentions, this may make it weaker vis-à  -vis A despite its equal or even superior resources and military preparedness. India and Brazil are cases in point. Situational. Rising power is situational in the sense that it depends on specific international situation. Despite unchanged condition of resources and military might of both, the power equation between States A and B may change because of changed international situation. B may at once become powerful vis-à  -vis A because of some favourable turn in the international situation. Development of friendly relations between America and India and the formation of an unwritten alliance between US, India and Israel has affected China and Pakistan equation with her neighbours. 12. Shift in Global Balance of Power A Myth or Reality The global shift of power to Asia and the global strategic dominance of the United States has been the subject of discussion since many years. Main theme of the debates and discussion is that whether United States power is in absolute decline or relative decline. Either way, with the global shift of power to Asia what would inevitably follow is that the global balance of power would also be acquiring newer contours. The shape of the global order is largely a function of the prevailing balance of power. As discussed earlier, since 1945, this global order has been dominated by the United States, a question arises that will the relative U.S. decline and the rise of the rest lead to the decaying of this established order? The international system is both complex and contradictory at the same time. The world being dynamic, predictions and forecasts tend to be subjective than objective. Nobody predicted at least not out loud- the fall of the Berlin Wall, Japans loss of influence, the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, the upsurge in Islamic fundamentalism, Arab Spring and the meteoric rise of the oil prices. Without wishing to predict the future, and instead taking the current situation as a starting point, the international system is characterized by three general tendencies. a. A new international order which is both uni and multi-polar at the same time. b. The rise of Asia (China) which will come to dominate the 21st century in the economic dimensions of world order. c. The (re)enforcing of the religion. 13. New Uni and Multi-Polar International Order a. Moving Towards Geo-Economics. During the Cold War, international system was differentiated by the ideological confrontation between two superpowers. In the early stage of the post Cold War, the tripartite world dominated by Europe, the USA and Japan characterized the environment. The current constellation of global forces and alliances is much less clear than it was in the two previous stages. In this third stage, a world order which is multi-polar and uni-polar at the same time is taking shape. It amounts to an a la carte menu which makes room for both old and new powers as well as old and new alliances. The world is uni-polar in the military and political spheres on account of the clear domination of USA, and multi-polar in all other facets of international relations. The upcoming world economies of the BRICS-countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South-Africa) up to now seem to follow an approach of pursuing geo-economics while avoiding to reopen the existing conflicts, at least for the time being. China is following a comprehensive approach towards national power. India is also pursuing geo economics while simultaneously modernizing its military might for a more dominant and perceived global role. Other countries and alliances/blocks also follow to varying extent different models to modernize their economies. Sanjaya Baru puts it: Indias economic opening up in 1991 created the basis for Indias re-integration with not just the global economy but also its own wider Asian neighborhood. That was the geopolitical and strategic consequence of Indias improved economic performance and greater openness since 1991. Indias Look East and Look West policies were logical consequences of her re-integration into the global economy. The geo-economic and geopolitical consequences of the reforms of 1991 were not an accident. They were well understood at the time based on an analysis of what had happened to the closed Soviet and Soviet-style economies in the 1970s and especially 1980s, and the open economies of east Asia, including Dengist China.  [1]   b. Contemporary Political Order-Future Trajectories. No phenomenon dominates the current global political landscape more than the USA being the sole Super Power. The US is currently the only country that has the military might that influences global affairs and deploys military power across the globe. However, there are other power centers such as China, EU and Russia. NATO also figures out at this power calculus. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Republic in 1990, the erstwhile Cold War ensured a balance of power which greatly stabilized the global political landscape. In contrast however, the current uni-polarism has presented attendant consequences for the world. This has been seen in unprecedented anti US sentiment around the globe. Conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan and the US- Iran debacle therefore reflect a current global political system which is becoming increasingly unstable partly due to US unilateralism. 14. The New Hierarchy of International States Although there are many other players in the globalised world multinational companies, the churches, and social movements amongst them nation states continue to determine the pecking order of international power. The European Union (EU) is no exception to this. Its principle springboard into the international arena is economic, both diplomatic and military spheres remaining the prerogative of member states. Its failure to present itself to the world as a body which acts and speaks with one voice, means that the European model of using integration as an instrument for international influence has not succeeded in establishing itself as an alternative to the nation state. When considering the international state hierarchy, various terms continue to co-exist which have not been clearly defined: (1) superpower (USA), (2) global power or great global power (China, India, Russia), (3) emerging powers (Brazil, Russia, India, China, BRIC), (4) medium sized powers (Brazil, Canada, South Africa and others), (5) regional power (several), (6) smaller powers (Luxemburg or Haiti, for example). a. Superpower and Global/ great power. When considering the international state hierarchy, various terms continue to co-exist which have not been clearly defined. To belong to the category of Super Power like USA or global/ great power like China, India and Russia. Besides quantifiable statistics, two components which are more difficult to evaluate are prerequisites: first of all, an efficient diplomacy and foreign policy capable of projecting power and, secondly, the perception and/or recognition of that status of power by third party countries. In line with these criteria, the following quantifiable data allow us to single out a number of influential countries by size, economic weight, growth, military capacity or their contribution to the international system. Apart from these criteria, there are other factors which allow us to reassess certain countries in the international hierarchy: above all, the demand for energy, which justifies the international importance of Iran, Iraq and even Russia in the international system. To a large extent, oil also explains Middle Eastern countries strategic position in international politics. After all, a third of all black gold is produced in Arab states. Another criteria is a countrys technological level, something which explains, amongst other things, Chinas economic success (electronics industry) and also Indias (software). Another more recent element is the use of religion as a political instrument, justifying the international relevance which countries like Israel, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan have acquired in recent years. b. Emerging Powers, Medium Size/Regional and Smaller Powers. In terms of quantifiable data, China tops the list along with India and Brazil, in the hierarchy of international power. Other countries (like Mexico, Iran, Pakistan, Indonesia or South Africa) are on the waiting list or in the second row. Amongst these, it is worth distinguishing between soft powers and hard powers, depending on the resources, military, economic, diplomatic or cultural. In line with this, apart from the so-called BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) whose basis is economic, other emerging powers with global influence can be identified: in terms of hard, or military power, Pakistan (nuclear power) and Iran (potential nuclear power), in terms of economic weight, Mexico and South Africa and, for reasons of population, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nigeria also feature. 15. Emerging Blocks. It is commonly perceived that some emerging blocks and regional alliances like SCO, ASEAN and BRICS respectively will gradually transform the existing power balance in the future. a. Shanghai Cooperation Organization SCO. SCO was originally founded to counter terrorism and separatism on its member states territory. The security interests of the organization are now increasingly complemented by economic and trade issues. The bloc is expected to counter US influence in areas including Chinese neighborhood and Russias near abroad. b. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). An acronym for the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa combined. The general consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003, which speculated that by 2050 these five economies would be wealthier than most of the current major economic powers. The BRICS thesis posits that China and India will become the worlds dominant suppliers of manufactured goods and services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. It is important to note that the Goldman Sachs thesis isnt that these countries are a political alliance (like the European Union) or a formal trading association but they have the potential to form a powerful economic bloc. BRICS is now also used as a more generic marketing term to refer to these four emerging economies. 16. Regionalism. The study of regions, regionalism, regionalization, regional governance, regional integration, regional cooperation and other proximate terms have burgeoned since the 1990s, along with the real world emergence of the so called new regionalism in that period. Major regional forums include the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Organization of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to count few of them. Regionalism appears to be growing rapidly. Regionalism in fact is a byproduct of globalization, yet, it offers a collective response to the coercive dimensions of globalization. Therefore, the political unanimity of thought against countries of a particular regional organization such as ASEAN, would not be easy to muster when seen in the backdrop of such coercion if applied against a country which is not part of any such regional dispensation. The core regions are politically stable and economic ally dynamic. They organize for the sake of being better able to control the rest of the world, the world outside their own region. The intermediate regions are closely linked to the core regions. They will be incorporated as soon as they conform to the criterion of core-ness, that is, economic development and political stability. The peripheral regions, in contrast, are politically turbulent and economically stagnant. Consequently they must organize in order to arrest a process of marginalization. Their regional arrangements are at the same time fragile and ineffective. Their overall situation makes security regionalism and developmental regionalism more important than the creation of free trade regimes. They are necessarily more introverted. The core regions are those regions which are politically capable, no matter whether such capability is expressed in the form of a political organization or not. So far only one of the three core regions, namely Europe, aspires to build such an organization. The other two, that is North America and East Asia, are both economically strong, but so far they lack a regional political order. Structurally close to core are the intermediate regions, all in preparation for being incorporated in the core, the speed depending on their good, core-like, behaviour. They are:- a. Central Europe, obediently waiting first in line for membership in the European Union. b. Latin America and the Caribbean, in the process of becoming North Americanized. c. China, South-East Asia and the European Pacific, or Oceania (Australia, New Zealand), all now being drawn by Chinese and Japanese capital into the East Asia economic space. 17. Remaining in the periphery are thus the following five regions:- a. The post-Soviet area, the major parts of it now in the process of being reintegrated in the form of Commonwealth of Independent States (perhaps laying the ground for a future core region). b. The Balkans, where the countries have lost whatever little tradition of cooperation they once might have been involved in. c. The Middle East, a region defined from outside and with a most unsettled regional structure. d. South Asia, with a very low level of regionness, because of the cold war (sometimes getting hot) between the two major powers, India and Pakistan. e. Finally, Africa, where in many countries the political structures called states are falling apart. 19. Major indicators. By 2025, According to an International Futures model measuring GDP, defense spending, population, and technology for individual states, the relative political and economic clout of many countries will shift. The United States however, will find itself in the position of being one of a number of important actors on the world stage, albeit still the most powerful one. The relationship between achievements in science and technology and economic growth will be one of the leading factors of the US power. As per National Innovation System (NIS) contracted global survey of scientific experts, the United States currently boasts a stronger innovation system than the developing economies. Main indicators and determents of the major powers in 2025 Country Population GDP Economy Military Spending USA China 6.8 India 6.2 Russia Graphically the data could be depicted as International Organizations, 2020-2025 (%/year) 21. Analysis. Five very different countries: China, India, Brazil, Russia and South Africa are emerging. The shape of the global order is largely a function of the prevailing global power balance. Nevertheless, there are three conditions that could lead to the end of this liberal international order. a. Though it is possible that another hegemon would rise at some point, this is unlikely to happen at least in the next two decades. We have had two dramatic transitions in the global system in the last century, but both happened as a consequence of the collapse of major powers. The end of the Second World War saw the demise of not just Germany and Japan but many European great powers, leaving a bipolar order dominated by the U.S. and the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 converted that bipolar system into a unipolar one. While there are plenty of predictions of other great powers rising, there are none that suggest the U.S. will collapse. And short of that, what we are likely to witness are gradual rather than dramatic changes in the balance of power, and these will take a lot longer than two decades. Hence, the possibility of a new global order framed by another global hegemon is not very likely in the immediate future. b. The second possibility, more probable than the first, is the rise of several new powers such as China, Russia, Brazil, India, South Korea who are growing strong enough to share the stage with proportional strength with the U.S., even if they do not necessarily match the U.S. Such a multipolar order could gradually erode the current international liberal order. But this will not be because these powers do not share the norms of the curre

I Am Forty-seven and I Wish to Study Law Essay -- Law College Admissio

I Am Forty-seven and I Wish to Study Law "If I had it to do over again, I would go to law school." That has been my response for the last fifteen years whenever I was asked if I felt fulfillment in my chosen profession. The truth is, I never felt fulfilled because I never really chose a profession. As did many working-class people with no advanced education, my parents believed that the road to success was through education. Hence I was encouraged to pursue an academic education in high school and to attend college. Beyond that point, there was no plan. My career planning process resembled the path that a pin-ball experiences during its descent through a maze of bumpers, obstacles and flippers. Considering my financial status (I had no money for college) and my vocational preference or suitability (I had no idea what I wanted to do, but I was mechanically-oriented and "good with my hands") my guidance counselor, using all the diagnostic skills and insights he could muster, advised that I consider either engineering or dentistry. His list of candidate institutions included Drexel Institute of Technology and Temple University, each of which was local and had arranged a program so that a student could work full-time to earn tuition while attending college. Upon receiving letters of acceptance from both schools, a flip of a coin at the counselor's desk cemented the lifetime decision: engineering it was! Almost immediately after starting Drexel, I was certain that I had chosen incorrectly. My father was of the strong opinion that one completed what one had started, however, and being a reasonably obedient son, I completed five years of arduous undergraduate engineering school. ... ...ssful real estate development and management firm. I never had a business or project repossessed by lenders or creditors, and I never experienced any bankruptcy or debtor's action against me. Along the way, I found time to fit in twenty five years of active Barbershop Quartet and Chorus singing which allowed me to serve in every major chapter officer's position, make enough significant administrative contributions to be elected to the honorary fraternity within our singing society (100 out of 6000 men), earn medals in several international competitions and appear on the stage at Carnegie Hall. So I guess in today's world I would be considered successful; however, something has been missing. If I had it to do over again, I would go to law school. Now that my children are grown and my family's finances are secure, I have the opportunity to do it over again.

Education: Political Stability Essay

Pakistan has been ruled by both democratic and military governments The rule of law and justice is the only way of maintaining stability in the country. The continuous failure of government wrong policies leads the people of country to miserable conditions. The only solution is allowing the oppressed people of Pakistan to share decision making process with transparency and accountability from top to bottom. We need to strengthen our political system and institutions, develop an active and sustainable growth, eliminate corruption, provide timely justice, enhance employment, start steps for population control, seek consensus based political solutions .The political atmosphere was too vitiated; political instability was too acute; tensions between the different tiers of the government were so damaging; the challenge of setting up the organs of a new state was so formidable; As a result, economic management took a back seat in this formative phase of Pakistan’s life. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTABILITY Our political parties are in there own fantasy to fill up there own pockets. That is the reason our politics are unstable. Political parties in Pakistan are not working fairly.Because they just don’t care about the innocent people of Pakistan condition of Pakistan is becoming weird day by day we have a politicians and a politics but they work for their own selves ,make benefits for their own selves not for the poor and innocent people .our country is behind from the successful nations just because our government is careless they send their children out of the country for education they should make education better here then there will no need for foreign education in Pakistan .apart from this another reason for political instability in our country is The intra-party election is no to be seen. The leaders, consequently, are autocrats. Political parties are famous in the name of leader of the parties. Personification has harmed extremely the true essence of democracy. Pakistan has failed to establish a political stability due to constitutional conflict, the most important reason for political instability is our economy. We have high inflation, large income inequality, deficit financing and a chronic lack of the national political parties should embrace a new spirit of cooperation and constructive opposition, expenditure for infrastructure and education. moving beyond outdated confrontational and self-defeating street action and walk-outs and boycott politics to engage in vigorous political debates free of violence Political instability lowers private investment, slows economic growth, and gives rise to unemployment and poverty. Political instability breeds corruption, mis-governance, shortens policy-makers’ horizon, inconsistency in policies, and creates volatility in economic performance. Pakistan is witnessing a prolonged period of political instability (almost five years) and. as such its adverse consequences for the economy are quite visible. It is strange that the current government, claiming to have a strong majority in the parliament, failed to generate political stability in the country. People within and outside the country had a lot of expectations about political stability, Political instability is associated with greater uncertainty regarding future economic policy, it certainly affects investment adversely, slows economic growth, increases unemployment and poverty, which in turn, further fuels political instability by giving rise to violence, civil unrest, and strikes. Pakistan failed to establish a stable democratic government due to constitutional conflict. Due to political instability, Pakistan’s economic and social growth has been curtailed. Our country is facing struggle and instability from the very dawn there is a lot of the problems in Pakistani politics that is the fact majority of any political party continued coalition politics which is responsible for the instability. It seems, the political stability in Pakistan is turning to be a dream unaccomplished for the country’s first ever government that was expected to complete its full tenure is too in crisis. It may not be wrong to say that judiciary is gaining its due status . Instead of providing help and justice to the people or to improve the conditions of Pakistan our politicians are busy in finding legs to stand upon their lies as truth. Political instability is a situation when the uncertainty among the government structure expand due to some basic causes and it eventually end up the current government1.We all know when a ruling party faces this sort of uncertainty so they do not do well for the public. They become unable to make polices for the development of the country. EFFECTS OF INSTABILITY There are many reasons behind political instability in Pakistan. no one leader sincere with Pakistan and Pakistani nation. They have their own interest and aims. Parties who are famous in Pakistani politics are not handle people issues as they are expected. They are not taking as well as foreign issues in the interest of nations. Political instability has played havoc with the safety and security of Pakistan. This is the cause of our failures in recent times. Our country is facing numerous challenges to its existence. But instead of unity, our political parties are playing dirty games against one another. A tug of war is going on among Pakistan Parties, These parties are least bothered about the security situation of Pakistan. Their vision is just to secure the supreme office for next five years; unfortunately, we do not see any concrete plan of action from our political leaders to counter these threats to the national security. Lack of political seriousness made this issue complex a nd complicated. It is the responsibility of the government and other political parties to sit together and come up with a comprehensive plan to resolve the issues in Pakistan. If they settle their issues and try not to exert pressure on one another, then there will be no violence, kidnapping or target killing in country. Therefore, political parties must cooperate with one another and work for the stability of country Political forces play a significant role in the formation of government. These actors largely bear the responsibility to maintain political stability in the country, but some times, bypassing the national interest of the country, they become an instrument to create not only mess and political instability, but also lead towards several other major issues. Our political parties are responsible for this situation as the leadership is not whole-heartedly sincere to resolving the issues; instead, its only seems playing politics of blame-game merely for their own interest, as if the world de pended on it. Political Instability or sons of leaders and possess leadership in heredity. Pakistan’s experience is evident that quality and stability of political System, and leadership is not possible without quality education . The weak organization and improper working of political parties paves the way for coalition governments, which has become a very common set for every government and they exert their whole energy for maintaining the coalition set up and remain in continuous pressure from partner groups. The present political trend in Pakistan is forming coalitions amongst different political parties, which is the reason of current instable conditions. The unjustified acts and emotion provoking acts of the leaders made people question their identity and legitimacy again after the independence Achieving stability will require building a combination of forces in the social, political and state spheres that can seriously address the challenges that confront Pakistan. Political stability plays an important role in keeping society integrated and in maintaining legitimacy within the state. It is a prerequisite for the economic development, social integration, and supremacy of law in a state. Unfortunately, Islamic Republic of Pakistan stands on the top of those countries where social injustice prevails at every level of the society. Citizens of Pakistan are unaware of social justice concept and its effects on society. Pakistan’s civil and military rulers and elite class have been plundering this country since independence CONCLUSION There are so many problems in Pakistan. There is only one thing that can help Pakistan in solving all the problems that is the self-improvement of each and every Pakistani. All of us should be patriotic, honest, and hardworking. Everyone should respect the laws of country and obey the laws. Only then we can change our Pakistan’s condition. There is a famous saying â€Å"God does not change the condition of any country until the people of the country do not improve their selves. â€Å"It is true in the case of Pakistan. Our government should look over the things to improve the conditions of Pakistan .so political instability can clear in this. Political Instability in Pakistan Political Instability in Pakistan – Information of the world window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/www.einfopedia.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4.6.12"}}; !function(a,b,c){function d(a){var c,d,e,f,g,h=b.createElement("canvas"),i=h.getContext&&h.getContext("2d"),j=String.fromCharCode;if(!i||!i.fillText)return!1;switch(i.textBaseline="top",i.font="600 32px Arial",a){case"flag":return i.fillText(j(55356,56806,55356,56826),0,0),!(h.toDataURL().length

buy custom The Effects of the Media on Students essay

buy custom The Effects of the Media on Students essay MTV has made it possible for children to listen to more than ten thousand hours of rock music. This is intensified as the children spent countless hours gazing at MTV. Our media has exposed children and teenagers to sensual images as well as violent scenes. Such influence is what is driving students to take part in violence activities because that is the information that they consume daily and that is basically what they spend most of their time thinking about. Children have a tendency to put into practice that which they have watched other people doing and that is the reason this practice gets its way in high schools and colleges. Our world has become a scary planet because of the great exposure to violence. Everyone has taken part in destroying the innocence of our children who are students in this schools where violence, shooting and bullying is the order of the day. One of the environments which impart violence in students is the media. Its quite obvious that what is in the heart of a person is what comes out and whatever one thinks about is what they will end up doing. For these reason the minds of the young people are overwhelmed with violent scenes and because what is in the heart is what comes forth that is the reason they are active participants of violence at schools. Though the media people deny that this isnot the ultimate truth then the question remains where do our children learn violence from? One of the hardest realities is that the broadcast is meant to affect the lives of people therefore their no way they can say that what they air plays a little part in the violence being witnessed at our schools (Elliott, Hamburg Williams 1998). The media affects our social lives and the violence that is being broadcasted on the television imparts our family and society to a very large extend. Violence is one of the common aspects of the movies that are shot. Its the responsibility of everyone to work hard at reducing the violence that we see in our society. Basing on the amounts of violence that children are exposed to its very easy to predict the behavior that follows. It should not be a shock to many that our schools have become violence grounds because that is the only place where students can put to practice that which they have seen on the television. Some two prominent surgeons linked the violence and aggression in students to the media. Scientific research that has been recently done indicate that the excessive violence on the television has found it ways to the street. A study that was carried on children for about five years indicated that aggression and violence in children with their parents or at school is related to the violence the children watch on the television. Further studies that were conducted with a number of psychologists indicated that the television habits that children acquire at age eight influence their behavior through childhood as well as adolescent. Therefore, the more violent scenes that children prefer at grade three the more aggressive their behavior become. For this reason psychologist concluded that the effects of the media on children is accumulative. Twenty years down the line after the research that was done the trend still takes course (Benbenishty Astor, 2005). Its evident through the research that has been conducted that children who watch violent scenes at age eight are more likely to take part in violent actions at their later age or even take part in child abuse before age thirty. Therefore its important to understand that excessive exposure to televised violence is the main cause of the violence in our society. Its evident that violence that is aired on the television affects the youngsters be it girls or boys at whatever intelligence and socioeconomic level. The senses of youngsters and adolescents are assaulted by the images they watch on MTV. Therefore its important for something to be done in order to reduce the violence in our media before our society looses its sense of direction as the young people take part in violence or fall victims of violence at our learning institutions. Buy custom The Effects of the Media on Students essay

presidential election of 2000 essays

presidential election of 2000 essays Each of the candidates for President and Vice-President has specific experience and numerous accomplishments that aid in decision-making for voters. Al Gore graduated with honors from Harvard University in 1969. Later in that year, he voluntarily enlisted in the United States Army to go to Vietnam as a military journalist. In May of 1971, he returned from Vietnam. After that, he attended the Vanderbilt Univ.Grad School of Religion from 1971 until 1972. Later, he attended Vanderbilt University Law School from 1975 to 1976. In November of 1976, he was elected to congress representing Tennessees Fourth Congressional District. In February of 1979, he cosponsored the Department of Education Organization Act. In October of 1984, he was elected to the United States Senate. In 1988, he ran for president, winning more than three million votes in 1988 presidential campaign. In 1992, he became one of ten US Senators to support the Persian Gulf War. In November of 1992, Al Gore wa elected as the 45th Vice-President of the United States. In 1993, Gore casted the deciding vote for the administrations 1993 economic plan. In November of 1996, G ore is reelected as 46th Vice-President of the United States. In August of 1997 the Clinton-Gore administration signs the first balanced budget in a generation. Gore spoke at the Columbine High School memorial service calling for stricter gun control and support for the families of the victims. He certainly stands with an impressive amount of accomplishments and experience as a politician in the United States. Joseph Lieberman was born in Stamford, Connecticut on February 24, 1942 and attended public schools there. He received his bachelor's degree from Yale College in 1964 and his law degree from Yale Law School in 1967. Lieberman was elected to the Connecticut State Senate in 1970 and served there for 10 years, including the last 6 as Majority Leader. He also spent time in the private practi...

A Situation Analysis of a primary school of UK Essay

A Situation Analysis of a primary school of UK - Essay Example The ecological notion of ‘limiting factors’ is a useful concept with much relevance to the interaction of factors so as to facilitate or discourage good-quality learning. A situation analysis carried and represented here deals with the identification of learning difficulties in a primary school in UK which involves consideration of how factors like the curriculum, teaching strategies and school routines and relationships all of which affect children in different ways over a period of time. The aim would be to understand and respond to the educationally relevant individual differences which can create persistent obstacles to children’s learning in different contexts. A key aspect of this process is to give due weight to the interpretation and intentions of the people involved i.e. how does the professional interacts in the class. The tool which was used to derive efficient results was SWOT analysis. It was devised to identify the extent to which the current strateg y of an organization and its more specific strengths and weaknesses are relevant to and capable of dealing with changes in the wider environment. SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The professional should identify the Opportunities and Threats provided by an external environment and Strengths and Weaknesses of the school as an institution.

Current Scale, Scope and Diversity of the Hospitality Industry Assignment

Current Scale, Scope and Diversity of the Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example The scope of the hospitality industry consists of businesses, like entertainment, food and accommodation. Under hospitality industry, a tourist is facilitated, as they are taken to theme parks, they are provided with transportation, and event planning services. The reason why hospitality industry is called a diverse industry is that they offer diverse services, for example, accommodation and entertainment are diverse fields. Moreover, the hotel industry offers diversification, because of the different types of job opportunities it creates. In a hotel industry, there are caterers working to provide food and beverages for the hotel guests. Then there is the management of the hotel, which consists of a human resource manager, operations manager, staff manager, kitchen workers, porters, bartenders and housekeepers. There are people who are responsible for managing entertainment for the guests, which can be in shape of a karaoke night, gaming arena, or a concert. Another important aspect of this diversity is the marketing manager of the hotel, which looks after attracting tourists towards their hotel and making sure that they reach a wide audience. There are different management roles in a hospitality industry, which are compulsory to run an effective hotel. The management functions of a hospitality industry include asset management, staff management, risk management, business management, logistics, financial management and statutory compliance. To train for these roles, the skills set needs to be strong and the qualifications need to be well integrated. If an employee is in business management, then he would need an MBA degree, to better understand his department; MBA is also known to be a benchmark, for management roles at a senior level. Moreover, if an employee is applying for Chief Financial Officer, then they need to have knowledge of preparing budgets for the hotel, making financial statements, managing the payroll of employees, making invoices and payments to suppliers and doing bank reconciliations, because these are the responsibilities of a CFO.  Ã‚